Schizophrenos (english version)

Without words...

2008-01-20T15:27:00.000-08:00

"You know what able it is to make our brain? "

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If see something rotate, race from the doctor!Non c‘è nothing that stirs!

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It looks at l‘interno of this image and assembled. What do you see? Read the explanation under brought for understanding what have really seen! Interesting no?

Some studies have dismostrato that his/her children don't recognize this image „intimate ", because their memory doesn't know this situation yet.What sees his/her children they are 9 dolphins..Do you also see them you?___________________________________________________________________

Optic illusion Looks well at the images that follow…

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In fact...
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…reality is that doesn't stir anything!

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... The horizontal red lines are parrallele or no?

Sorry... they are parallel!!!______________________________________________________________________

What do you see? A spiral or of the you look for?

Good they are simply of the you look for...
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Assembled on the cross to the center and after some second will realize you that the look for pink they will disappear!!!

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It fixes the dot and you move the head aventi and back.

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But the best comes at the end:

It is ‘the best optic illusion..... You follow the instructions:
1) assembled around 4 dots all‘interno dell‘immagine for 40 seconds
2) it slowly moves immediately later your look toward a near wall (it has to be smooth and possibly monochrome)
3) you will see so to slowly form him a clear spot (continuous to attentively observe her/it)
4) you beat the eyelashes and you will see to form him an image all‘interno of the stain
5) thing you see, or rather Who see?

Have I convinced you?
Bye bye, Schizophrenos

Guestbook...

2008-01-20T15:23:00.000-08:00

This post has been created to give the possibility to every consumer of "to leave an imprint" on this blog... you can criticize therefore, to suggest, to compliment you or simply to send one regard of yours, very pleasant thing from Schizophrenos, using the underlying area "comments." You will be able, besides, to send one proposal of yours of discussion or a whole post to publish. The space is also devoted to those people who want to contact me for exchange link or signaling of the proper blog on this address! Good navigation!

The heart: The cellular therapy

2008-01-20T15:22:00.000-08:00

The heart derives from the mesoderma, but what is fundamental, to understand the finality of the use staminale, is the formality of the embryological formation of the organ, it happens for proliferation of the miocardiocitis and not for ipertrofia.To isto-cytological level, the 70% of the mass miocardica is constituted by miociti, other present cells to constitute the muscular smooth and cells endoteliali are her/it; made this premise you/he/she must be explained to the readers of the blog that a miocardiocita withdrawn by the cardiac fabric and positioned on plate it will never reenter in cellular cycle but a cell staminale (endowed with self-renewal,multipotenza and ability to give clones) him... therefore it was alone necessary to find, if you introduce, these cells to level of the heart and this has been done, he doesn't know, however, of their origin (it seems that they derive from the circle or from a portion of residual fetal miocardio). Most frequent cardiac pathology is the illness coronarica that is usually provoked by phenomenons aterosclerotici,ma it is necessary to underline that the suddetis phenomenons reenter in the category "events mended you", I am, instead, the "complicanze" of the aterosclerosi to provoke the irreparable damage.

Subsequently to a sindr. cor. acute the heart lives one period of chronic scompenso that brings to the death 3 on 5 stricken pzes in the 5 year-old turn (rate of incidence more elevated than in the neoplasias), aforesaid scompenso is characterized by cicatrizzazione fibrotica and therefore not able to contract himself/herself/themselves of the stricken zone, widening of the cardiac room and finally, but not for order of importance the ipertrofizzazione of the survived miocardiocitis. The medicines can exclusively slow down, when anchors is us in acute phase the progression toward the scompenso but a cell installed staminale and able to create clones can replace the miocitis in necrosis and can assume the characteristic contractility, fundamental to avoid the death of the individual!For close examinations on the theme there are publications on: 'The New England Journal of Medicines' and on 'Cell'...I attend around your signalings on articles and publications for the web riguardanti the matter, thanks!

The epilepsy of Van Gogh

2008-01-20T15:18:00.000-08:00

Starry " night on the Gnaws", photographed by Schizophrenos, in visit in Paris (May 2007).

1888 - oil on cloth 72,5 xes 92Musée of Orsay, Paris, Collection Mr. and Mrs. Kahn-Scriber Giraudon / Art Resource, New York.

Sò that you would never be waited you for him, but the history has given badly us news respect to illustrious carriers of the sacred, among the most important: Alexander Magno, Giulio Cesare, Socrates, Pietro the Great one, Napoleon Bonaparte, the composer George Frederick Handel, the philosopher Nietzsche, the writers Moliére, Flaubert, Byron, Torquato Tasso, Dostoevskij, Dickens and, in senile age, Francis Petrarca, Lewis Carroll, the author of "Alice in the country of the wonder", the mathematician Isaac Newton, besides the Cardinal Richelieu, Pious pope IX, the czar Pietro the great one, Alfred Nobel, the creative Swede of the homonym I reward, and many others, among which notes personalities are also enumerated that have marked the course of the history of the art with the incisiveness of their work, what for instance says Michelangelo Merisi the Caravaggio and Vincent Van Gogh!

In this work of the artist of Groot Zundert, the constellation of the most greater Orsa or Gran it is easily individualized Wagon, that he has painted in September 1888, when it was found to Arles. In this case there is a reference to do to one letter of his to Theo:"[...] I am working on seven cloths from 30... and for last to a study of the Gnaws, of the city illuminated by the gases lamp-posts reflected in the blue river. Aloft the starry sky with the Gran Wagon, a twinkling of rose and green on the field blue cobalt of the starry sky, whereas the lights of the city and its cruel reflexes are bronzy red and green gold. [...] "

Many studies have been devoted to that that has been subsequently defined: "the illness of the genius", a form of epilepsy of the temporal lobe that has marked a lot of among the works of the artist, besides the sucitata "starry Night on the Gnaws", they also show up in the list: "The bedroom of Arles"; "You yellow house" and "Field of wheat with crows."

The epilepsy is a neurological chronic condition characterized by recurrent and sudden crises.You/he/she is commonly checked with the medicines, although experimental surgical methods are slowly taking foot. You/he/she must be specified however that pharmacological therapy is exclusively symptomatic, succeeding - at times effectively - to check the appearance of the crises, but in any way it is available an effective prophylaxis or a curative therapy.In the past the epilepsy has been in partnership to religious experiences and possessions demoniac hips. Historically the epilepsy had called her/it "Sacred Illness" since according to a vision to become populated believed that the epileptic attacks were a form of attack of the demons or however a demonstration of hidden power.Ippocrate underlined that the epilepsy would have been considered only divine up to when you/he/she would not have been inclusive. It can be revealed a great deal to every age and in different forms; gives his/her variety, it generically speaks of epilepsies.It is among the more frequent neurological illnesses: it has struck since three to the seven people every thousand, around 2 million and a half of people in the United States. In every country the prevalence is of 1%. The incidence is of 46,7 on 100.000 inhabitants every year and in Italy 25.000 cases a year.

Depression (D.M.)

2008-01-20T15:15:00.000-08:00

The depression can be introduced with different symptoms and with various combinations of them. The cornerstone symptom is the depressed humor, an emotional state I characterize from sadness, pessimism, feelings of loss of the hopes or desperation, sense of demolition and incapability to feel pleasant emotions. Some patients can express the feeling to feel himself/herself/themselves empty or deprived of feelings; it is almost always present is the loss of interest (apathy) or to like (anedonia), these conditions are made evident in the moment in which the patient reports a scarce interest for activity or usual hobbies or incapability to try to like from experiences that before the depressive episode you/they were considered pleasant, the patient, is totally detached in short by what, you/he/she surrounds him/it (family, friends, job). Also the functions cognitive can result compromised (alterations of memory and concentration); the content of the thought is incentrato on themes of personal devaluation, guilt, present and future pessimism, death as possible solution, doesn't marvel therefore him in to find numerous attempts of suicide among the depressed ones. Remarkable you/he/she can be also the astenia, the easy affaticabilità and the deceleration of the motor activity. Finally you/they can be present: insomnia, loss of the appetite with consequent decrease ponder her and decrease of the sexual desire. The episode, not essay has a 6-8 month-old duration, but in some cases a complete, on the contrary partial remission is not had with the permanence of the so-called residual symptoms, these are an important cause of suffering and dysfunction both in working circle, and in the relationships interpersonalis, involve a greater risk of relapses and recidivists, they ask for a greater number of medical consultations and they are correlated with elevated rates of disabilità and cronicizzazione. Despite a satisfactory initial answer to the treatment you/they can persist, they distinguish him, usually, the subjective residual symptoms (the patient for example, says not to be well, despite the recovery of his/her ability to normally act) and the objective ones (the patient betrays anxious attitudes or of other kind also telling himself/herself/itself "to place").

To this intention, you/he/she is making himself/herself/itself road the conviction, sustained by numerous studies, that the residual symptoms, coincide with the initial symptoms, those that is, through which the illness is introduced, you/he/she has made its debut.To confirmation of all of this, other devoted studies have allowed to postulate it looks like entirely a hypothesis bizzarra,ma in the street of clinical acceptance: it is, in fact, the possibility to be confirmed that the residual symptom is not an event caratterizzante the terminal phase of the depressive illness or one trailing of his following the treatment, on the contrary an initial symptom of a new episode, a relapse of the same illness.

Do you want to make diagnosis of Greater Depression?5 or more than the following symptoms they have to be present during 1 period than at least 2 weeks, they have to almost daily characterize the most greater part of the day and being present:

1. Humor depressed;
2. Diminuizione to like or interest for all the attività;
3. Loss of weight (5% hangs bodily), diminuizione appetito;
4. Insomnia or ipersonnia;
5. Nervousness or deceleration psicomotorio;
6. Easy affaticabilità;
7. Autosvalutazione or excessive feelings of colpa;
8. Reduced ability to think or to focus himself/herself/themselves indecisione;
9. Recurrent thoughts of death;

The symptoms, have besides to cause social uneasiness, working, they don't have to be in partnership to abuse of substances and they don't have to satisfy the criterions for the diagnosis of a Mixed Episode.
We are launching a survey to underline the symptoms typical of the depression most present in the general population it cures, if it suits you you can participate, all it takes is finding in this page the survey and to answer to the question that is set you.

Bibliogr.: Diagnostic and statistic manual of the mental troubles, Masson, Milan, 2001Manuale of psychiatry and clinical psychology, G.Invernizzi, McGraw-Hill, Milan, 2006

"The Alchemist"... a book to be read, to love, to hate

2008-01-20T15:11:00.000-08:00

The alchemist is the work that has made some greatest writers famous all over the world one south - americans; a Paulo Coelho that he is not satisfied with to simply narrate the history of a boy but that he wants to also give us a lesson of philosophy, simple but to the meantime very deep. Paulo Coelho was born in Rio De Janeiro in 1947. Genial writer in the art to transmit his experiences with an universal language to his million of readers and his works, translated in 56 languages, they have sold over fifteen million copies. The philosophy and themes treated in its pages become a point of reference for the readers looking for his own road and of new ways to understand the world.
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The protagonist, Santiago, is a boy that one day with the consent of his father it decides to depart for discovering the world, it moves him for the Andalusia with his flock and it feels him happy. For two consecutive nights ago the same dream in which a child suggests him to reach the pyramids ‘Egitto, because there will find a treasure a treasure that will change his life! It decides to address to a zingara that knows how to interpret his dream and that you disclose the meaning of it, but only when he meets a king disguised by old man, whose words allow to glimpse a certain wisdom, it feels strong the motivation to undertake the trip.
The king introduces him in the life of the people, and particularly in that of Santiago, under various forms, really in the moment in which a person, on the threshold of the realization of his own dream, he feels that it is about to surrender. He gives two precious stones that will help him to choose along the impervious run to the boy, rich of signals that it will have to interpret. Santiago understands from the wise words of the king that a moment arrives in which we lose the control of our life that moment in which it starts to be regulated by the destiny.
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With this encouragement Santiago departs and for more than one year he/she works to Tangeri, near a merchant of crystals, he harshly works every day, thinking about everything of his run and so it seems go diminishing his desire to reach the pyramids. Just when it seems definite to return back, having earned enough, he meets a boy, also him to the search of his dream, to find the alchemist that knows how to interpret the Universal Language. Santiago discovers so to be to the search of that that is called Soul of the World and that the treasure of which he has dreamt is its Personal Legend.
"And what you have always desired to do. All, to the beginning of the youth, they know qual it is his own Personal Legend. In that period of the life everything is clear, everything is possible, and the men are not afraid to dream and to desire what you/they would like veder to do in the life. But then, by hand by hand that the time passes, a mysterious strength starts to try to show as is impossible to realize the Personal Legend."
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This way he speaks the king and it points out to Santiago the by toward his treasure. It undertakes the trip and joint in an oasis of the desert, Santiago discovers the love meeting for the first time Fatima,: it understands that she is the woman of his life but among thousand torments he greets her because it has to continue his trip, promising her that one day would have returned from her. He continues in the run with a rider met by chance, that then he will reveal to be the alchemist. From him it learns to listen to his heart and to follow its road; put in front of thousand tests, Santiago understands that the love is the most precious good and that we are us to feed the soul of the world. A beautiful trip in which, it will learn to speak with the sun and with the wind, it will discover the love and the soul of the world, it will realize his Personal Legend, in agreement with the world, done of that wisdom that for a long time the men have forgotten by now. "A light breeze started to exhale. From far the commanders they looked at the boy, that talked a language to them stranger." It is the history of a boy, become man, that has returned to the soul of the World, he has known the meaning of the gift of the Life and the alive day for day.
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The fable is a literary form "light" able to communicate small, but also great messages. It is beautiful to rediscover the taste of the reading in a book that is not elegant to itself same, to become himself account not to succeed in holding to brake the deepest thoughts, that besides the pastorello, to the adventures of the desert, to the alchemist himself there era,a once more, the Human adventure. You rediscovers the importance and the value, guarded inside of us, of the self-awareness to the way of Socrate:"Ascolta your heart. It knows all the things. You will never succeed in making to be him silent. And for how much you fake not to listen to him/it what it says, it will be always in the one breast and it will keep on repeating what he thinks of the life and of the world." The alchemist is the history of an initiation and this "motto" , it is the teaching that springs from a so spiritual and magic fable, to the frontiers between the story of thousand and a night and the apologo sapienzale. The Portuguese author, among the lines, it deals him with to rediscover the meaning of the love and it realizes that to love corresponds to the vision of God in our neighbor, from such premise on deduced that the search of Coelho concerns the totality of the life. This is, according to the author, the only way that we have for realizing our dreams and to be happy.
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Coelho structures the history of Santiago as a fable or a story of magic, but the true protagonist results to be, from the epilogue, the Life, as to make indeed her happy and as to give her a sense. "The simplest things are the most extraordinary, and only the wise man succeeds in seeing her." The words been born by the pen of the author, succeed in waking up again the human mind from the sadness, from the desperation from the lost dreams, he remembers us as the strength of the love it is able anything, the love toward what surrounds us, the love toward the dreams that we believe not to be able to realize. The reading de The alchemist invites to the reflection on his own life, making to find again in ourselves the courage to believe in the dreams to the signals that life sends us. A book to be read, to love and to hate because with absolute simplicity it wakes up again from the depth that small opening of hope to be able to believe, and therefore to realize, each his own Personal Legend.
Critique edited by M. Francone

Can intelligence be measured?

2008-01-20T15:04:00.000-08:00

The answer is no...! What can be sprite of measurement it is the capability of the man to apply the brain power in to resolve problems, the result is given by the Q.I. : the nousic quotient, that is the relationship among the "EM" (mental age) and the "EC" (chronological age), the all multiplied x 100 and purified from possible decimal. The mental age is the result of the test, the chronological age is measured in months up to a maximum of 16 years (because after the attainment of this threshold, the brain power cannot have sharpened, if you/he/she can decline)... therefore every individual above the 16 years has the same chronological age (16 xes 12 = 192). L' OMS (world organization of the health) you/he/she has established a standard of 80 - 85 of QI in the population "normal" (in statistic sense) above which will find again different degrees of ingeniousness, and below different degrees of oligofrenia, defined better as "mental delay."

From a statistic viewpoint, if a test of brain power has been well set, sufficiently applied to a great champion of population, it will give the followings results:

- the 50% of the population introduce a QI understood among 90 and 110
- the 25% of the population are found above of 110 (the 21,5% of individuals go from 110 to 130, 3% from 130 to 140 and only him 0,5% overcome a score of 140)
- the 25% of the population are found below 90 (21,5% have a QI understood among 90 and 70, 3,5% place below 70).

Do you want to measure your intellectual Quotient? CLICCA QUI: http://iq-test.co.uk/

Well, as has you/he/she gone? If suits you, leave your name or pseudonym placed side by side by your QI in the area Comment!!!

The bipolar disorder...

2008-01-20T15:03:00.000-08:00

Do you recognize them?

What does unite Ernest Hemingway with Sting, Michelangelo with J. Claude Van Damme, Well Stiller with Roosevelt, Lüdviq van Bethoven with Kurt Cobain? (to notice the workmanship of Schizophrenos in to form some couples of characters appartenenenti to the same historical period and done I make famous by the same artistic dowries!... I hope is not necessary to underline the keystroke, do fact, excuse already)!

Returning serious, to give an answer to the question that there are set owes to all the costs to throw in dance the psychiatric illnesses, the artists in phot, in fact, they are all affections from "Double-pole Trouble." Who knows how many times you will have felt to speak of depression or of mania, of low humor and exaltation... it is really the alternation of these two troubles to characterize the aforesaid pathology. "Alternation" that, also if had been alternating for periods of eutimia ("psico-physical comfort"), it determines instability in the lifetime of whom suffers of it, making difficult or almost impossible the realization partner - working of the individual and the palimony of regular personal relationships.

The d's incidence. double-pole is of the 1,2% in the males and of the 1,8% the females, while the prevalence in the general population is esteemed around the 1 - 2%!
It follows a brief description of the clinical pictures of the two phases of illness:
The depressive episode is characterized by sadness, dark and depressed humor or from nervousness, fidgetiness joined to a constant sense of guilt, to a remorse toward something that we don't succeed in individualizing.The subject appears lethargic, anedonico, "full of a nothing that however hangs as a boulder" to the chest or to the "mouth of the stomach", in the movements, neglected in the care of his/her own person, aged, low; facial mimicry is inactive as the language. The subject isolates him, it doesn't go to the job, it interrupts the social relationships that deteriorating contributes him to its further separation from the rest of the world: he/she remains often even in bed in a state of depressive stupor for which he doesn't dress, he/she doesn't eat, he/she doesn't speak.The constants worries that you/they bother him/it in some cases are turned into real secondary deliriums to the depressive trouble with the subject that extends to fantastic constructions that are not able not to end if not with the dilapidation, or even the death, of the patient, to avoid which the suicide seems the only tract of escape.

This picture is able, to distance of time, to change in a maniacal episode that has more rapid debut in comparison to that depressive: you/he/she has generally been being preceded for one period of iperattività, extortionate cheerfulness, loquacity - yardstick to usually be held in consideration in reserved subjects. In the period of state, an elevation of the tone of the humor is had, for which the patient appears happy, euphoric: in truth they are enough small frustrations, least contrasts because to the comfort you take over anger, irritation or seizure of weeping of brief duration.The individual hides him in a fragile shell that doesn't protect at all it, rather, once rout, very more vulnerability makes him/it to the outdoor stimuli of any other person. To this apparent euphoria it joins an increase of the motor activity with the subject that doesn't succeed in being detention without charge; it is restless, loquacious if not logorroioco, pompous in the language that however it doesn't disguise the retoricità of the discourses that don't have sense, that I/you/they are empty, illogical without associative connections.In little time it becomes unbearable and people extend to get further ignoring him/it that, when to the euphoria you/he/she will follow a rapids fall of the tone of the humor, this attitude you/he/she can condemn the subject to live a so agonizing experience that only an extreme gesture could conclude. For the patient everything is realizable "Hic et Nunc", but the progressive deficits of the attention, of the capability of relationship, of syntheses and of thought make more and more this arduous intent and it is to this pixel that realizes that everything doesn't go as he/she would like, that the other ones extend to avoid, that everything starts not to have a sense as the discourses that it pronounces him/it.

In conclusion: not think both an advantage to be double-pole... Kurt Cobain teaches!!!

Tumor of the bilious tracts...

2008-01-20T14:56:00.000-08:00

The collaboration among the university her "Wisdom" of Rome and the university in Ancona, you/he/she has produced an important result in the diagnosis of the tumor of the bilious tracts (calangiocarcinoma), one of the tumors to higher mortality.Currently tests don't exist for the early diagnosis of this pathology, but only nonelementary instrumental investigations and radiologiche to the onset of the symptoms (the ultrasoound represents the most important test for the initial assessment; the Tc and the RMN allow a best definition of the injury; the CPRE, endoscopic retrograde colangiografia, is tender in to identify the smallest injuries but, for its invasività and for the hazard of complicanze, its role is limited). You diagnosis, therefore, mail comes in generally such an advanced stadium of illness that only possible therapy is the surgery resettiva.To verify the illness so slow, allows to operate less than the 30% of the patients and, to 5 years from the diagnosis, less than the 5% of the subjects struck by the illness are still in lifetime.This study, exclusive worth of the Italian search, has shown that the analysis of an indicative solo in the gall (IGF1 - factor of insulino-similar growth) it allows the ultimate diagnosis of colangiocarcinoma and it distinguishes her/it with indefeasible accuracy from the benign illnesses of the bilious tracts (stones, inflammations) and from the pancreas.La cancer discovery, that opens new perspectives for the early diagnosis and therefore for the therapy of the tumors of the bilious tracts, you/he/she has already deserved the publication on the prestigious American magazine, Annals of Internal Medicine, official organ of the American College of Physicians.
M.M.

First "clinical case"

2008-01-20T13:57:00.000-08:00

This is the first clinical case that Schizophrenos proposes to the readers...:

Joseph Rossi, years 61
Sex: masculine

Remote of pathological of Anamnesis:

- Obstructive chronic bronchitis from about 30 years;
- Diabetes mellito type 2 from about 20 years;

E.O. :

Weight: 69 Kgs;
Pressure: 160-90 mmHgs
The Generals of Conditions: overdue;
Attractive: pale;
Mucous: ipoirrorate;
Chest of the Al: F.V.T. attenuated, MV bilaterally reduced to the bases;
Heart: effective tones, murmur olosist 3/6 Levins on the center of infection mitralico, pericardic frottages presents;
Belly: tractable, not aching to the palpation sup. and deep. Of of Effective Peristalsi, absentia of abdominal murmurs. Liver and spleen in the limits.
Linfonodale Apparato: in the limits; Presence of edemas slopes;

CHEMICAL EXAMINATIONS :

Creatinemia: 6,36 mg/dls
Azotemia: 176 mg/dls
Sodiemia: 147 mEq/ls
Potassiemia: 6,1 mEq/ls
Calcemia: 7,7 mg/dls
Fosforemia: 6,4 mg/dls
Uricemia: 7,7 mg/dls
Removal Creatinina: 11,9 ml/mins

INSTRUMENTAL EXAMINATIONS:

Renal Ultrasoound: urostasi of absentia, backs in the center, volume of meeting places; cortical of the Iperecogenicità they govern cutback of the cortical thickness.

Chest Rx: thickened bronchial plot. Bilateral of hilarious of Congestion, jammed of breasts, cardiac shade increased of volume. Aortic Calcifications.

E.C.G. : T "a curtain" in V2-V5;

From which pathology you/he/she can be affection our patient? And above all which the possible ones are they provoke her/it some pathology? Sets your diagnosis in the Area you comment in low...

Ps. The imagines an illustrative purpose they are used, not the they mirror the data furnished by anamnesis and E.O.!!!

"SLOW DANCE"

2008-01-20T11:23:00.000-08:00

Have you ever looked at his/her children in a "girotondo"?
Or done listen to the noise of the rain when it falls to the ground?
Or does ever follow the to flutter irregular of a butterfly?
Or done observe the sun to fade away some night?
You would do better to slow down.
Don't dance so fast.
The time is brief.
The music won't last.
Do you cross every day in flight?
When you say "As you are? "
Do you listen to the answer?
When the day is ended do you stretch yourself on your bed with hundreds of following matters that passes you for the head?
You would do better to slow down.
Don't dance so fast
The time is brief.
The music won't last.
Have you ever told your child, will we do " him/it tomorrow? "
without noticing in the hurry, his/her sorrow?
Done ever lose the contact, with a good friendship that then you/he/she is ended because you had never had time to call and to say "Hi?"
You would do better to slow down.
Don't dance so fast
The time is brief.
The music won't last.
When you race so fast to come from some part you lose yourself halves the pleasure to go there.
When you worry yourself and you race the whole day you make never your life an open gift. . . thrown away.
Life is not a run.
Take her/it plain.
He/she listens to the music.

Lycanthropes, witches and vampires. Or sick?

2008-01-20T11:18:00.000-08:00

Difference is integral part of the biological world, it is sap that has favored the evolution of the living forms. Among the human beings, unfortunately, ethnic, cultural and religious difference becomes often motive for intolerance and conflict. The difference of the sick, is refused often then by the healthy ones, because the illness can transform the body and to make him/it few pleasant. This way the ignorance and the intolerance for the "different", you/they have contributed to create monsters and superstitions to respect. Fantastic histories on the lycanthropes, witches and vampires, are born often from physical and mental anomalies, also of genetic nature. The hypertrichosis congenital universalis could have fed the legend of the lycanthropes, because altering the functionality of the adrenal glands, cause an abnormal growth of hair. And' I notice the case of the family Gonzalvus in 1500, that it was stricken of it. And whether to say some witches of Salem, burnt alive or do you hang in 1600 because held possessed? The poverettes were in reality affette from the còrea of Huntington, (còrea in Greek it means dance), a hereditary disease neurodegenerativo, discovered by Huntington at the end of 1800, that it causes amnesia and uncontrolled movements of the body. The classical aspect of the vampires finally, seems to have amazing analogies with the pathological picture of another rare genetic illness, the porfiria eritropoietica: anemia, deadly pallor, fotosensibilià, intolletanza to the garlic, pronounced dentatura. Not by chance Bramk Stoker, the literary dad of Dracula, was a physician.
M. Francone

Epilepsy, psychosis, and schizophrenia

2008-01-20T06:00:00.000-08:00

This study examines the relationship between epilepsy and psychosis. It compares clinical, EEG, and neuropathologic data from a group of subjects who had both epilepsy and psychosis with similar information from another group of patients who had epilepsy but no evidence of psychotic illness. We examined, blind to clinical diagnosis, gross and microscopic material from whole-brain specimens from 10 patients diagnosed with epilepsy plus schizophrenia-like psychosis, nine subjects diagnosed with epilepsy plus "epileptic psychosis," and 36 individuals with epilepsy (21 from an epileptic colony and 15 from the community at large) who had no history of psychosis (n = 10 + 9 + 21 + 15 = 55). We abstracted case histories without knowledge of pathologic findings. Epileptic colony patients had an earlier age at onset of seizures, while epileptic colony and epileptic psychosis patients had more frequent seizures. Epileptic individuals in the community died at a younger age than did epileptic patients in long-stay hospital care. Psychotic epileptic patients had larger cerebral ventricles, excess periventricular gliosis, and more focal cerebral damage compared with epileptic patients who had no psychotic illness. Epileptic patients with schizophrenia-like psychosis were distinguished from all other groups by a significant excess of pinpoint perivascular white-matter softenings. We found that mesial temporal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy occurred with equal frequency in the psychotic and nonpsychotic groups; generalized seizures occurred more frequently in the psychotic epileptics and the epileptic colony epileptics than in the community epileptic controls.C. J. Bruton, MD, Janice R. Stevens, MD and C. D. Frith, PhD